Whole Foods Entering Foreign Market - 965 Words

Executive Summary: Whole Foods was founded in 1990 with a mission to offer good, wholesome food with an emphasis on natural and organic food. Through a series of acquisitions and expansions Whole Foods is a major grocery store representing organic products in the United States, Canada and the U.K. It is consistently ranked in the top 100 best companies to work for and the top 100 best Corporate Citizens. Business Proposal: This document outlines the possibility of Whole Foods expanding into the German Market. Considerations are explored in the realm of German Culture, the Organic Food market, Competitors, Pros and Cons, Entry and Exit Strategy, and Human Resources strategy to declare whether or not Germany is an appropriate fit for†¦show more content†¦Whole Foods is doing well financially and the free cash flow at hand gives Whole Foods the means to expand by acquisition, if it so chooses. Legal Issues: There have been legal and ethical issues that have plagued Whole Foods in the past and they are detailed below. It is pertinent that Whole Foods resolve or adequately address these issues before expansion into a new market. Labeling In 2008, The State of California vs. Whole Foods: lawsuit filed against WFM for failing to label its 365 line of body washes, gels and liquid dish soaps that contain 1.4-Dioxane, a cancer causing chemical. According to the FDA, â€Å"organic† product standards of 95% or more certified organic standards apply to foods and not to cosmetics. However, under California Law â€Å"Proposition 65†, consumer products that contain toxic levels of 1,4 Dioxane must have warning labels stating that they may cause cancer. Ethical Issues: The 365 Label Whole Foods was started as an opportunity to improve the livelihood of the general community. However, critics contend that WFM has promoted the 365 label at the expense of local producers, who now cannot compete with the giant label. GMO Foods WFM claims to be the biggest retailer of organic foods in the US however on closer examination, it turns out that less than half of what they carry is organic, and that they do carry products that contain GMO, which in itselfShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ben Jerrys Best Interest1732 Words   |  7 PagesEntering Japan The Japanese market represents an avenue of growth for Ben Jerry’s that it has not pursued yet. We outline the advantages and disadvantages of entering into the market and show Ben Jerry’s best interest is to expand. Advantages of Entering the Market One of the biggest advantages of expanding is the potential growth. Japan has a $4.5 billion ice cream market, the second largest in the world behind the US. Considering the increase in dairy consumption occurring in Japan rightRead MoreEssay on International Marketing Case Study Starbucks Going Fast757 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 9th, 2012 When entering a global market, it can be expected to overcome both controllable and uncontrollable elements. The Starbucks organization is no exception to overcome these elements when entering the global market. According to text (2011) controllable elements are attributes such as firms characteristics, type of product, pricing of product, the amount of research conducted, promotions and the channels of distribution. Uncontrollable elements effecting Starbucks are competitiveRead MoreCase Study Darling Chocolate906 Words   |  4 Pagesaverage growth of income was 23% and average annual inflation rate was only 12%. The average spending on food is about 56% of family budget. Only 2% of monthly expenditures for food are spent on chocolate and candy. 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The Economy Of Israel Is Based On Market System - 1715 Words

The economy of Israel is based on market system, and it ranks 16th among 187 nations on the UN’s Human Development Index, which means highly developed economy (Central Intelligence Agency, 2014). Outstandingly, Israel has developed human resources very well due to the fact that the nation has limited natural resources; as a result, it has established remarkably advanced high-tech industry including electronics, telecommunications, and computer and information technology. Not only high-tech industry, the nation has also invested decent amount of resources in agricultural industry and cultivation of land in order to maintain self-sufficiency in food consumption, which was boosted by significant population increase. As export-oriented fields, Israel has specialty in diamond processing, jewelry manufacturing and flower cultivation. Furthermore, the major export products of the nation are computer software, military equipment, and chemical products; on the other hand, crude oil, gr ains, raw materials, and military equipment are major import items of Israel (CountryWatch, Inc, 2013). After downswing of its economy in 2001-2003, Israel had significant economic boom with real GDP growth, which was above 5 percent from 2004 to 2007 (State of Israel Corp., 2013). 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A country’s political views, religious views, and culture all play an important role in how the country conducts business in the global market. They also play a role in how a specific country makes economic decisions as well as the result of those decisions and how it transitions to the world market. It is extremely important to understand the role of each country and how it conducts business in the global economy. The main focus of this essay is to take

Repeated Distribution Method Is A Method Which Deals With Reciprocal Services Accounting Essay Example For Students

Repeated Distribution Method Is A Method Which Deals With Reciprocal Services Accounting Essay Outline1 1.0 Introduction2 2.0 HELP University College ( HUC ) Background3 3.0 Financial Model Cost Assignment:4 3.1 Primary Distribution5 3.2 Secondary Distribution:6 3.2.1 Ignore Inter-service Method7 3.2.2 Repeated Distribution Method8 3.3 Final Distribution9 4.0 Recommendation and analysis on cost assignment ( fiscal theoretical account )10 5.0 Decisions11 ( 2237 words ) 1.0 Introduction In this study, my subject for instance survey is HELP University College and cost assignment ( Financial Model ) will be applied. The cost assignment ( Financial Model ) which in order to bear down operating expenses to be unit, a series of distributions will be used. There are includes primary distribution, secondary distribution and concluding distribution. Primary distribution is allotment and or allotment of operating expenses to be Centre. Secondary distribution is reallotment of operating expenses from service cost Centre to production cost Centre. Additionally, the concluding distribution besides applied in this study for soaking up of operating expenses from production cost Centre into cost unit. The recommendation on this cost assignment is given in this study to analysis the cost assignment and so, to reason the whole study at the terminal. 2.0 HELP University College ( HUC ) Background HELP University College was formed in twelvemonth 1986 and has developed into the taking establishment of higher acquisition in Malaysia and to supply low-cost quality educational chances for Malaysians with a steadfastly established international repute among universities, bookmans, corporate leaders and concern in Asia Pacific, North America and Europe ( Then 2010 ) . HELP University College is the flagship subordinate of HELP International Corporation which was incorporated in twelvemonth 2005 and go the investing keeping company for the HELP Group ( About HELP International Corporation: History 2010 ) . HELP offering plans which includes jurisprudence, economic sciences, concern, direction, societal scientific disciplines, the humanistic disciplines and IT at undergraduate and alumnus degrees ( Private Colleges and University CollegesA in Malaysia 2010 ) . HELP leave the quality of instruction based on responsible leading functions and besides the alumnuss preferred employment by transnational companies. In twelvemonth 2004, the Government position out the bestowal of University College as a silent acknowledgment of HELP s distinguished accomplishments, so they play their function as a third instruction in the hereafter ( About Aid: Overview of HELP 2008 ) . HELP s vision is to assist everyone win in life and populate a life of significance through instruction ( HELP International Corporate 2009 ) . One of HELP s missions is to be a university college focuses on sound academic criterions through with a strong civilization of leading and quality, so, uninterrupted to better, and endowment development of staff and pupils. It will besides supply larning experiences that improve life-time values, calling development and personal fulfillment. Its following missions are to portion its success with the community and stakeholders it serves ( Institution Profile 2010 ) . Academic strengths of HELP University College is reputed to hold an outstanding instruction module by it all learning staff possesses Master s grades with many keeping PhDs. Many international faculty members and bookmans from top universities like Cambridge, University of Texas Austin, and Harvard who serve as visiting professors, testers and lectors was been complemented in local module ( University Colleges Private 2010 ) . Besides that, a batch of HELP s success situated its alone educational teaching method and doctrine. Its educational doctrine is holistic ( Institution Profile 2010 ) . 3.0 Financial Model Cost Assignment: 3.1 Primary Distribution Overhead analysis sheet which is shown in Appendix 1.1 are utilizing the information given in Appendix 1.0 for the initial aim is to delegate all fabricating operating expenses to be Centres. Cost Centre means that some object, activity, or country for which costs are individually collected ( Black 2008 ) . At Appendix 1.0, that the direct pay related costs and supervisory wages have been straight traced to be Centres. They are direct costs when cost Centres are the cost object and indirect costs when merchandises are the cost objects. Therefore, they are traced straight to the cost Centres shown in the overhead analysis sheet in Appendix 1.1. The staying costs shown in Appendix 1.0 must be allocated to the cost Centre utilizing appropriate allotment bases and can non be traced straight to the cost Centres. Using the allotment bases to the informations given in regard of the HELP University College in Appendix 1.0 it is assumed that illuming and warming, edifice insurance and depreciation of edifice are related to the entire floor country of the edifice, and the benefit received by each cost Centre can hence be determined based on the proportion of floor country which it occupies. The entire floor country of the edifice shown in Appendix 1.0 is 17 000 square meters ; module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia occupies 29 % of this and module of jurisprudence and authorities a farther 59 % . Therefore, refer to the overhead analysis sheet in Appendix 1.1, which 29 % lighting and warming, edifice insurance and depreciation of edifice are allocated to module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia, and 59 % are allocated to module of jurisprudence and authorities. Salve Regina College EssayHowever, it is recommended that budgeted overhead rates should be used than existent overhead rates in HELP. It is because the existent operating expense rates will do a hold in service or merchandise costs. And besides the monthly rates used causes fluctuations in the operating expense rates throughout the twelvemonth. To gauge the budgeted operating expense rates, an under- or over- recovery of operating expenses is given whenever existent overhead outgo or activity is different from budget ( Drury 2005 ) . Any under- or over- recovery is treated as a period cost accommodation and written off to loss and net income statement, and hence non allocated to merchandises. 4.0 Recommendation and analysis on cost assignment ( fiscal theoretical account ) In secondary distribution, the simple manner of ignore inter-service method is the lone justification for utilizing this method comparison to the repeated distribution method ( Drury 2004 ) . This method is recommended when inter-service reallocations are undistinguished. Mention to the Appendix 2.1, the entire operating expense after allocated and apportioned for module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia section is $ 458,160 and module of jurisprudence and authorities section is $ 413,841. As a consequence, the entire operating expense after allocated and apportioned for module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia section is evidently higher than the module of jurisprudence and authorities section. It is assumed that the ground for this state of affairs is the entire sum of direct rewards related cost in module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia section, $ 213, 333 which is demoing in primary distribution ( Appendix 1.1 ) is higher than module of jurisprudence and authorities section, $ 120, 000. However, the entire sum of other points of outgo for module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia section is lower than module of jurisprudence and authorities. Means that, the high entire sum of direct pay related costs for module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia section have to been cut down or amend. Recommend here for amend the direct pay related costs is altering the manner of salary been given. HELP University College can cut down the direct pay related costs by pay the lectors on the footing of a salary, and so give committee and fillip to the excellence lectors. HELP besides can engage portion clip lector and pay them wages on the figure of class they learning. This non merely can cut down the costs of direct pay, but besides would non impact the lector s motive and still can keep the public presentation of university. Besides that, the lighting and warming disbursals of the module of applied scientific disciplines and multimedia section, $ 21,765 which demoing in Appendix 1.1 besides can be amend to cut down the entire operating expense after allocated and apportioned in this Centre. HELP University College can organize a run to review the lectors and pupils mind on salvaging the energy of electronic and this manner indirectly besides will salvage the green environment. Therefore, the cost of illuming and warming will be utilizing by the lectors and pupils in more moderation. Apart from that, in concluding distribution, the cost of operating expense in repeated distribution method is the most accurate, so which is adopted on budgeted operating expense. When the service section are continually allocated in the prescribed per centums until the costs become smaller to be important, so the cost of operating expense in the perennial distribution method will go more accurate. However, the service section costs are reallocated merely to production sections in ignore inter-service method, and so the cost of operating expense is inaccurate. 5.0 Decisions It is of import to understand how cost systems assign costs to be objects because it will stand for the cost of merchandises to be generated for net income measuring intent in HELP. Additionally, it is necessary to guarantee that the cost is incorporated in the overhead analysis are appropriately coded so that different overhead rates can be extracted for different combinations of costs. As a consequence, there will be enable relevant cost information to be extracted from the database for run intoing different intent in HELP. ( 2237 words )

What Ive Outgrown free essay sample

My sister Emily and I standing in front of our house, with her climbing a tree. Myfriend Maegan and I sporting nametags and windswept hair. A group of us standing in a lineon the grass, laughing. My uncle and I on the beach, our ankles buried in wet sand. Three ofus girls in party dresses, posing for the camera. All of these are snapshots of the past. Theyare memories frozen and preserved by chemicals on glossy paper, reminding the viewer ofthe things that have passed. My computer’s hard drive holds even more photos, thousands ofdigitally captured remnants of a moment that seemed important enough to trap with a click ofthe camera.Collecting pictures for the yearbook has shown me how much has truly changed. Ihave found that throughout my life so far, things have changed as quickly as a child’s bodydoes during puberty. The evidence can be seen simply by walking down the hallway. We will write a custom essay sample on What Ive Outgrown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Theboy who cried all the time in elementary school is now over six feet tall and captain of thefootball team. The girl who wore giant sweatshirts and boys’ pants has become the promqueen. The most popular kid in fifth grade has become a whispered name, with everyoneasking, â€Å"Whatever happened to†¦?† These people I shared my animal crackers with duringsnack time have become strangers to me.I sifted through the boxes of old memories with wonder. I constantly marvel at thepower that remembering something, or someone, can hold over a mind. As I dug through thecontents of my drawers, I found a folder of notes written to me by my friend who passedaway. The nostalgia that wound itself around my heart felt like a rubber band worn too longon a wrist. It unlocked a floodgate of sudden realizations, like blood rushing back into numbfingers. I thought of all the people who had gathered at this friend’s wake, putting theirdifferences aside to mourn together. We had held hands around a candle lit in her memory,our eyes closed so that we might witness a miracle. For an instant, we were connected by ourgrief.Despite the fleeting melding of sad souls, I have since grown apart from many ofthose individuals. I still see them everyday—a small school means there is no avoidinganyone. Sometimes we smile at one another, a half-hearted acknowledgment of ourfamiliarity. It is exceedingly strange to think that our amity has been reduced to a briefgreeting. Some of the people who now pass by without a second glance are the same peoplewho I stayed on the phone with for hours. We knew everything about each other, and thereare so many documents that can testify to what once was.Even my closet door is a canvas of forgotten names. There are at six or sevenhandprints of my dearest friends at the time. They have outgrown their handprints, and ourfriendship. The drawings that are strewn across the door are relics of the recent past. Theyexist only in the world of memories, floating in the evanescent abyss that runs on theenigmatic time zone of teenagers.When I was young, even a single minute could feel like forever. The impatience ofchildhood made me believe in the ever after promised to me by fairytales. Suddenly, I amseventeen and time is moving too fast. All around me there are things, people, and evenplaces that I have outgrown—boxes of clothes I no longer fit into, people I no longer hangout with, places I no longer go to. The tree that my sister climbed is no longer there. Maeganand I still talk, but we have not been close for years. The group of us standing in a line havesince grown up and gone our separate ways. The sand that my uncle and I trapped our feetbeneath is eroding. The girls in party dresses are only acquaintances now. Human beings arechanging organisms. We are bound to outgrow things, but when we do new things take theirplaces. Today, there are flowers where the tree once stood, I have grown closer to otherpeople, and we go to a different beach. One day, the present may become another box ofmemories. In the mean time, it fits just fine.

Therizinosaurs - The Weirdest Dinosaurs

Therizinosaurs - The Weirdest Dinosaurs Therizinosaurs reaping lizardswere some of the strangest dinosaurs ever to roam the earth during the Cretaceous period. Technically part of the theropod familythe bipedal, carnivorous dinosaurs also represented by raptors, tyrannosaurs and dino-birdstherizinosaurs were endowed by evolution with an unusually goofy appearance, including feathers, pot bellies, gangly limbs, and extremely long, scythe-like claws on their long front hands. Even more bizarrely, theres ample evidence that these dinosaurs pursued a herbivorous (or at least omnivorous) diet, a sharp contrast to their strictly meat-eating theropod cousins. (See a gallery of therizinosaur pictures and profiles.) Adding to their mystery, only a few genera of therizinosaurs have been identified, most of them hailing from eastern and central Asia (Nothronychus was the first therizinosaur to be discovered on the North American continent, followed soon after by Falcarius). The most famous genusand the one that gave this family of dinosaurs its nameis Therizinosaurus, which was discovered in Mongolia a few years after World War II. In the absence of other remains, which were only discovered years later, the joint Soviet/Mongolian excavation team that unearthed the partial fossil of this dinosaur barely knew what to make of its three-foot-long claws, wondering if theyd stumbled on some kind of ancient killer turtle! (Some earlier texts reference therizinosaurs as segnosaurs, after the equally mysterious genus Segnosaurus, but this is no longer the case.) Therizinosaur Evolution Part of what makes therizinosaurs so baffling to scientists is that they cant comfortably be assigned to any existing dinosaur family, although theropods are certainly the closest fit. To judge by some clear anatomical similarities, it was once thought that these dinosaurs were closely related to prosauropods, the sometimes bipedal, sometimes quadrupedal herbivores that were distantly ancestral to the sauropods of the late Jurassic period. That all changed with the discovery of the middle Cretaceous Alxasaurus, a primitive therizinosaur equipped with some distinctly theropod-like characteristics, which helped put the evolutionary relationships of the entire breed in sharper focus. The consensus now is that therizinosaurs evolved in their unusual direction from an earlier, more primitive branch of the theropod family. From a biologists perspective, the oddest thing about therizinosaurs wasnt their appearance, but their diet. Theres a convincing case to be made that these dinosaurs a) used their long front claws to slice and dice copious amounts of vegetation (since these appendanges were too ungainly to slash fellow dinosaurs), and b) harbored an extensive network of intestines in their prominent pot bellies, an adaptation that would only have been needed in order to digest tough plant matter. The inescapable conclusion is that therizinosaurs (distant relatives of the prototypically carnivorous Tyrannosaurus Rex) were largely herbivorous, in much the same way that prosauropods (distant relatives of the protopically plant-eating Brachiosaurus) probably supplemented their diets with meat. A stunning recent discovery in Mongolia, in 2011, has shed some much-needed light on the social behavior of therizinosaurs. An expedition to the Gobi Desert identified the remains of no less than 75 therizinosaur eggs (genus undetermined), in 17 separate clutches of a few eggs apiece, some of which had apparently hatched before being fossilized. What this means is that the therizinosaurs of central Asia were social, herding animals, and may have provided their hatchlings with at least a couple of years of parental care before abandoning them in the wild.

Word Choice Immigration, Emigration and Migration

Word Choice Immigration, Emigration and Migration Word Choice: Immigration, Emigration and Migration Although closely related, immigration, emigration and migration have distinct meanings that you need to understand. This will ensure you can use them effectively in your writing. All three words describe the movement of people (and sometimes animals) from one place to another. However, the correct word to use depends on the situation. Learn more about their usage below. Immigration (Arriving) Immigration is the act of entering or arriving in a new country of residence. It would be used in a sentence like this: Jesse’s family originally immigrated to America in 1621. Emigration (Leaving) The word emigration refers to leaving one country and moving somewhere else. Emigration, like immigration, is usually a permanent, rather than a temporary, move. We would use emigration in a sentence like this: Jesse’s ancestors emigrated from England aboard the Mayflower. Don’t forget that immigration is spelled with a double m, while emigration only has one! Migration (Movement) Migration is the movement of people or animals from one location to another. This covers movement in general, whether leaving or arriving. When migration describes the movement of animals, it is usually from a cold location to a warmer one during winter. We would use it in a sentence like this: American buffalo migrate large distances to find fresh pasture. The same journey can be described using all three words, dependent upon the point of view. To continue the example above, we could say that Jesse’s ancestors migrated when they emigrated from England and immigrated to America. If you would like further advice about word choice or academic writing, the professionals at Proofed can help you today!

Describe a situatio in which you showed your leadership Essay

Describe a situatio in which you showed your leadership - Essay Example During these months, my FOBS group would end up coming to school, taking classes, having lunch, and go back home unlike other native students involved in different activities and events. However, with effective utilization of my intellectual maturity and leadership skills, I began to indicate my dissatisfaction of such confrontation to myself, and decided to stop others to treat me as an invisible in the school. With such determination, I began to think of an idea that would enable me to alter such perspective of native students in the school. While crossing streets of Chinatown on Chinese New Year’s eve, I came across a very delicate Chinese knot representing good luck that spontaneously inclined my mind towards a very new concept of starting an ‘Asian Arts and Crafts Club’ along with support of my friends from the FOBS group. With a new wave of motivation and excitement, I convinced my friends to support me in establishing the group. Although my friends were Chinese, however, we lacked many traditional skills, therefore, I arranged an instructor who taught us different ways of creating Chinese artwork, which put a new ray of enthusiasm in us, and now, we had a purpose rather than only coming to school and going out for the shopping. During the lessons, I learnt new things while having fun, and with this observation, I came up with slogan of our club, ‘learn with fun,’ as everyone enjoyed process of acquiring different traditional skills during the sessions. Another difficult phase was acquiring official status for the group, which was the most complicated phase, as school management had mostly rejected such appeals. However, with effective utilization of my presentation skills, I was successful in persuading the school management to allow us to establish an official club in the school, and finally, after huge efforts of three months, I, as the

QUANTITATIVE DECISION MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

QUANTITATIVE DECISION MAKING - Essay Example Requirements of performing a quantitative analysis are the presence of a sample (upon which the analysis would be performed), descriptive statistics, and a deductive reasoning. Practical examples of quantitative Analysis Some practical examples of quantitative analysis are ‘Financial Systems Analysis’ and ‘Time Value of Money’. Financial systems analysis used by managers, creditors and investors are used to measure the success of a company’s financial goals. The income sales ratio of two organizations can quantitatively be compared by analysis. How do managers use this in the business world? Managers use quantitative analysis essentially at every step and decision within their organization. For a manufacturing firm for example, the record of orders fulfilled, the ratio of manufacturing parts incorporated, the record of sales made, the record of labor incorporated and the record of expenses incurred can be analyzed at separate levels by performing quan titative analysis techniques on the raw data. The analysis techniques quantify the raw data by sampling and grouping it. The data is then analyzed and graphically projected. The graphical representation of quantified data displays current and projected trends of the organization.

The Value of Philosophy Essay Example for Free

The Value of Philosophy Essay It is basic human nature to question. There is a curiosity inside all of us that leads us to wonder about everything. Curiosity leads to examination, which leads to contemplation. Through this process the mysteries of life and the universe are slowly discovered. But there are some questions that can never be answered with certainty. These questions make up the study of philosophy, and are considered using reason and logic. Two of the main arguments in philosophy discuss its value and the meaning of life. Socrates, Bertrand Russell, Blaise Pascal and Thomas Nagel attempt in their own way to reason through these questions and form their own unique answers. In Bertrand Russell’s â€Å"The Value of Philosophy†, he discusses what philosophy is and why it is important. He concludes that the value of philosophy is rooted in its very uncertainty. He maintains that all those questions that cannot be answered are a part of philosophical discussion, and questions with definite answers are a product of the physical sciences. When Russell is explaining in detail the value of philosophy he says, â€Å"These questions enlarge our conception of what is possible, enrich our intellectual imagination and diminish the dogmatic assurance which closes the mind against speculation† (Russell 12). For Russell, philosophy opens the mind and dispels ignorance and dogmatism, allowing us to think more freely and consider more possibilities. In Plato’s â€Å"Apology: Defence of Socrates,† Socrates also holds the view that philosophy is a necessary practice for all persons when he argues, â€Å"An unexamined life is no life for a human being to live† (Plato 40). Socrates has just been found guilty of corrupting the youth and not acknowledging the gods of the city. Once the verdict is reached, he argues for execution rather than exile because he believes that his study of philosophy is supreme in his life and it would be more honorable to die than to flee and study philosophy elsewhere, under subpar conditions than those in Athens. Philosophy is important to him because it allows people to think for themselves rather than go along with what they are told to believe. Russell and Socrates both uphold that the importance of philosophy come from what is does for the mind. Philosophy opens our minds, allowing unawareness and hypocrisy to dissipate. By questioning, we come to know more about the universe, and ourselves. However, Russell and Socrates do disagree on the certainty of truth. Socrates believes that there is certain truth, and one can reach it through reason and contemplation. Conversely, Russell maintains that everything is uncertain, but philosophy is still valuable because thinking of all possible explanations enlarges our minds. Through philosophy we are released from presumption, obliviousness, and bigotry. Whether or not we can know the absolute truth, contemplation through reason still holds immense importance for human beings. I draw from Socrates as well as Russell when I consider the value of philosophy. Philosophy allows me to see the world for what it is, instead of being bogged down by the opinion of the masses, or the societal norms. Through reason I can consider the truth and it’s importance to me. Similar to Russell, I see that much of philosophy’s greatness lies in its uncertainty. We cannot know for sure what the answers are, but through observation and thought we can form many possibilities, enlarging our minds to hold more than one solution to any given problem. Consequently this allows us to have a more open mind, and we can approach life with a broadened sense of self. Another question philosophers ask is â€Å"What is the point of our lives? † The answer varies greatly between each individual, demonstrated by the separate thoughts of Socrates, Pascal, and Nagel. Socrates argues that it is worse than death to be unjust. He gives some examples of what qualifies as unjust. Injustice includes: lying, injuring others, breaking the law of a just state, and hurting those who hurt you. Above all, Socrates argues that the point of our lives is to seek the truth. He condemns the sophists because they have no regard for the truth; they only appreciate material things. The sophists were a group of philosophers around the time of Socrates who taught the youth of Athens how to win arguments, whether what they were arguing for was true or not. Socrates maintains that this is not the way to live. Life is not about money or material things, rather, the point of life is to be just, honorable, and true to yourself as well as the laws of the state. He even argues that one ought rather die than live a bad life. â€Å"I suggest that it is not death that is hard to avoid, gentlemen, but wickedness is far harder, since it is fleeter of foot than death† (Plato 41). Socrates claims that it is much easier to live in wickedness than die. Therefore, injustice and dishonor are two of the greatest evils and one should avoid them at all costs. In â€Å"The Wager,† Pascal presents a view of life centered on belief in God. Similar to Socrates, he upholds that life is about pursuing the truth as well as living a good life. He argues for the existence of absolute truth when he states, â€Å"Is there not one substantial truth, seeing there are so many things which are not the truth itself† (Pascal 83). Pascal maintains that this â€Å"one substantial truth† is God, and reasons for His existence. He claims that in life, we have two choices: to believe in God, or to not believe in God. We must accept the wager; we have no choice. There are four possible outcomes from this wager, according to Pascal. If God does indeed exist, and we so believe that he exists, we will gain infinite bliss; if we do not believe that he exists, then we are damned for eternity. However, if God does not exist and we believe the same, then we lose nothing, but we also gain nothing. If we believe that He exists and He does not, then we also lose nothing, but have lived a good life with faith, humility, and compassion. Above all, Pascal wants us to believe. His main points are summarized when he writes, â€Å"If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing† (Pascal 83). We must wager, and we must believe in God, for He is the ultimate truth. Thomas Nagel discusses absurdity, which is the discrepancy between how seriously humans take their lives, and how uncertain life actually is. Everything is open to doubt, and that causes us to feel that our lives are insignificant, and therefore, nothing matters. He maintains that humans deem life absurd through epistemological skepticism, or the view that nothing can be known with certainty. He presents five options, which vary from completely avoiding life’s absurdity to embracing it fully. His thoughts on absurdity and his solution to it are best portrayed when he states, â€Å"If†¦there is no reason to believe that anything matters, then that does not matter either, and we can approach our lives with irony instead of heroism or despair† (Nagel 27). By accepting the view that nothing matters, we accept the view that believing nothing matters also does not matter, freeing us from absurdity. Nagel urges us to not despair, but also not take life too seriously. Pascal, Nagel, and Socrates present different views of how to make our lives worthwhile; but all agree that our lives should be spent in search of the truth, which is reached through honest reasoning and individual contemplation. When faced with the absurdity and uncertainty of life, Pascal and Nagel agree that suicide is not a legitimate escape. It is not necessary and ends up robbing us of the possibility of infinite happiness or a life free from absurdity. I agree with Socrates’ view, that dishonor and injustice must be avoided in order to live a good and honest life. I accept Pascal’s wager, and am willing to place my bet on the existence of God, hoping to gain all. I have also experienced some of the absurdity Nagel discusses and have come to my own conclusions. I maintain that we should live for today. By living in the present we escape the fear of the future. We do not get hung up on the uncertainties, but still acknowledge their existence. I also agree with Nagel that life should be approached with irony, and we should not take ourselves too seriously. Russell, Socrates, Pascal and Nagel all present plausible answers to the questions â€Å"What is the value of philosophy,† and â€Å"What is the purpose of our lives†. They use reason and logic to reach their conclusions. Through philosophy, we can broaden our minds and free ourselves from the dogmatism of society. Once our minds are expanded, we are able to think with reason and discover, for ourselves, the truth. References Nagel, Thomas, â€Å"The Absurd,† In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, editors, Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York: Oxford University Press) 2007. Pascal, Blaise, â€Å"The Wager,† In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, editors, Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York: Oxford University Press) 2007. Plato, â€Å"Apology: Defence of Socrates,† In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, editors, Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York: Oxford University Press) 2007. Russell, Bertrand, â€Å"The Value of Philosophy,† In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, editors, Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York: Oxford University Press) 2007.

The Third Murderer in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- GCSE English Lite

The Third Murderer in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Although Shakespeare had a great flare for plot material, he often had trouble with loose ends. Many times, seemingly important people will disappear from the script; they are never seen again. And other times, characters will suddenly appear out of nowhere. One such inconsistency is the identity of the third murderer in Macbeth.    At the beginning of 3.3, the third murderer makes his entrance. FIRST MURDERER: But who did bid thee join with us? THIRD MURDERER: Macbeth. SECOND MURDERER: He needs not our mistrust: since he delivers/ Our offices and what we have to do/ To the direction just. (3.3.1-4) It is clear that the other two murderers had no prior knowledge that another would be joining them. The shortness of response by the Third Murderer may indicate that he is lying about who sent him. If Macbeth had hired a third man, he probably would have informed the original murderers. Much speculation is put to the thought that Macbeth sent one of his aides as a sort of baby-sitter to make sure that everything went as planned. The most popular choices as chaperones are Seyton and Ross (Iago; Spielbauer). However, if Macbeth had sent another man, wouldn't he also have instructed him to report back to him? The First Murderer is the only one to return to the castle. The Second and Third Murderer disappear and the audience never sees them again. If the additional man were Seyton or Ross, wouldn't it have been he who would take the news back to Macbeth? If perchance, Macbeth's spy should have made it back before the First Murderer arrived, why would Macbeth put on such a show of surpris e at the events of the evening? Unless one of them was working on his own wi... ...nted about it, which would prove that he didn't want them to die. Most of all, it was possible for him to be there. All other suspects would probably have been other wise tied up with more important things to do. Of course, there is always the theory that the Third Murderer is just another Bum Joe from the street who really needed a job. But that would be disappointing, wouldn't it?    WORKS CITED Gathergood, William. http://www. shakespeare. com/nwcwg/old/quer 082095001523. html. Nov. 11, 1996. Iago, and Beth Smarr. http://www. shakespeare. com/nwcwg/students/quer 031096134358.html. Nov. 11, 1996. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Prentice Hall Literature: The English Tradition. Ed. Jack Armistead et al. New Jersey: Prentice, 1989. 223-303. Spielbauer, Bruce. http://www. shakespeare. com/nwcwg/students/quer 031096133433. html. Nov. 11, 1996.   

Related To Malnutrition And Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

A literature reappraisal is a digest of resources that provide the land work for farther survey. It is often found as a subdivision of a published research survey. Literature reappraisal refers to the activities involves in seeking for information on a subject and developing a comprehensive image of the province of the cognition on the subject. Reappraisal of literature is a written sum-up of the survey conducted antecedently related to the present survey subject. ( Polit and Hungler, 1999 ) The research worker did an broad reappraisal of literature on the research subject in order to derive deeper penetration into the job and to roll up maximal relevant information for constructing the foundations of the survey.In the present survey the reappraisal of literature is organized under the undermentioned headers ;Section-I: Surveies related to malnutrition and fleshiness at school degree. Section-II: Surveies related to consequence of planned nursing intercession. Section-III: Surveies related to knowledge and pattern on Healthy Food Habits among kids. Section-IV: Surveies related to Pender ‘s Health Promotion Model Theory Section-V: Surveies related to Conceptual model based on Pender ‘s wellness publicity theoretical account ( 2002 )SECTION-I: STUDIES RELATED TO MALNUTRITION AND OBESITYMalnutrition in early childhood causes irreparable harm to the development of kid and consequences in wastage of human resources. Hence decrease in the high rate of kid mortality and morbidity due to malnutrition becomes an of import undertaking of policy shapers and societal development contrivers study conducted in rural countries of India revealed that abut 90 % of the kids suffer from different classs of malnutrion and about 15 % of them are in utmost grades of malnutrition. Shetty, P.S. , ( 2000 ) concluded that in an person a series of physiology & A ; behavior response can happen. as a consequence of low energy consumption that is below the acceptable degree of demands. If they individual seek to follow the lower energy consumption so it is good for the endurance of single. Hensrud, DD. , ( 2000 ) reviewed a journal nutrition showing and appraisal which revealed the both under nutrition and over nutrition which leads to increased morbidity and mortality rate. Rio-Grande Dosul. , ( 2004 ) conducted that because of the excess helping of sugar sweetened bevarage, there is an increased opportunity of acquiring fleshiness in most of the in-between school kids. that is approximately 60 % due to the alterations in the feeding wonts, the individuals who are populating in the developed states are more prone to acquire fleshiness. Depending on the composing & A ; the quality of the diet the nutrient consumption has to be related with the fleshiness. Rodriguez, NR. , ( 2005 ) concluded that the kids assorted nutritionary demands in relation to the growing. For the normal growing of the immature kids they should take equal sum of energy & A ; indispensable aminoacids.A broad scope of protein consumption of about.6 to2.9gm/kg should be given for the immature kids. Charles. , ( 2005 ) concluded that since 1960 ‘s the prevalence rate of fleshiness has increased more among the kids in U.S.One of the of import factor that is lending to the paediatric fleshiness is ingestion of sugar sweetened drinks. Veteri, F.E. , ( 2010 ) concluded a series of inquiry associated with the equal energy & A ; protein intake. that is necessary for the growing & A ; proper operation of the children.Inorder to fulfill the protein demands big sum of protein must be ingested along with energy consumption. The present survey shows that there is an associated between the eating wonts and fleshiness.SECTION-II: STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECT OF PLANNED NURSING INTERVENTIONPiffer.S, Kaisermann.D. , ( 2003 ) presented paper reports the consequences of a study on dietetic wonts of 1,398 kids go toing first category of primary school in Trento state ( Northern Italy ) the undermentioned points were investigated. Frequency of interruption fast and nutrient intake.frequency of nutrients at school the construct of tracer nutrients as veggies, fruits, and Sweet was besides investigated. The consequences were analysed harmonizing gender, country of abode, learning method and educational degree of parents. The information about nutritionary manner are satisfactory even if they are strongly associated to education degree of parents, above all of the female parent. The adequateness of nutritionary manner is increasing with the increasing of educational degree. School repast, offering selected nutrients t o all kids go toing fulltime learning subdivision, can re-equilibrate nutritionary manner, diminishing the differences associated to education degree of the parents. Delisle, H. , ( 2010 ) conducted a survey sing the importance of placing the healthy and culturally relevant dietetic forms. which helps in advancing wellness & A ; forestalling diet related chronic disease. The surveies shows that a limited no of nutrients determines the quality of diet & A ; result of wellness. The traditional diets are more fitter & A ; utile when comparison to untraditional dietetic forms. Apart from this healthy feeding wonts are more executable if the attack to the nutrient consumption is equal. Present informations can be used for implementing and bettering wellness publicity action on right dietetic wonts in kid goon, maintaining count of the function of instruction degree of the parents. During the development of kids they need equal proportion of healthy nutrients as like the grownup eat.SECTION-III: STUDIES RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ON HEALTHY FOOD HABITS AMONG CHILDREN:This article shows the dietetic pattern that is following by the kids.Who are go toing the farm school. The findings shows that proper dietetic patterns determines the nutritionary position it besides influence the societal economical & A ; psychological development of the kids. Gil, A. , ( 2009 ) They identified that the consumption of traditional nutrient has no relation the normal dietetic pattern.They were considered as giving small protection from diseases.The survey findings showed that the organic structure mass index exercisings and the assorted diseases status has no important association with the dietetic form.SECTION-IV: STUDIES RELATED TO PENDER ‘S HEALTH PROMOTION MODELAustin David, R. , ( 2000 ) it describes that assorted elements are involved in the Pender ‘s wellness publicity model.It shows the advantages every bit good as the disadvantage of the theoretical account. For the support of the theoretical account assorted literature surveies has taken. Calderon, ( 2002 ) The determination showed the belief and patterns of breastcancer among aged adult females & A ; their perceptual experience towards this.It consist of both educational & A ; environmental support which areconductive to wellness behavior.For the wellness publicity in the older population co-ordination of assorted services adapted.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON PENDER ‘S HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL ( 2002 )Conceptual model is interrelated constructs on abstractions that are assembled together in some rationale strategy by virtuousness relevancy to a common subject ( Polit and Beck, 2004 ) . It is a device which to excite research and the extension of cognition by supplying both way and drift. A model may function as a spring board for scientific findings meaningful and generalizable. The present survey is aimed at developing and measuring the effectivity of planned nursing intercession in footings of cognition and pattern on wellness nutrient wonts among primary scho ol kids in selected school at Salem. The conceptual model of this survey is based on Pender, Murdaugh, C and Parson. , ( 2002 ) Health Promotion Model. Pender, ( 2002 ) defines wellness as the realization of built-in and acquired human potency through end directed behavior, competent ego attention and fulfilling relationships with others, while accommodations are made as needed to keep structural unity and harmoniousness with relevant environment. Health Promotion Model is based chiefly on three theories of human behavior the theory of sound action, the theory of planned behaviour and societal cognitive theory. Theory of reasoned action explains that the major determiner of behaviour is the individual ‘s purpose for that behaviour, when she believes that she has control over the state of affairs.Prior Related Behavior:It highlights the experience with the advancing behaviour. In this survey prior related behaviour of cognition and pattern of primary school kids on 1st twenty-four hours. It includes equal -inadequate cognition and pattern towards wellness nutrient wonts, conveying / non conveying healthy nutrients will be assessed by pre-test on 1st twenty-four hours.Personal Factors:Factors about the individual, that influences wellness advancing behavior. This includes biological and socio-cultural factors in this survey.Biological Factors:Includes age of the sample, gender, type of the household.Socio-cultural factors: Education of the female parent, business of the female parent, faith.Health Promoting Behavior:Behaviours ( or ) actions that people carry out with the purposes of better their wellness. In this survey is specified, wellness advancing cognition and pattern of healthy nutrients to kids pamphlet distributed to the kids giving information sing healthy nutrient wonts to the female parents of kids. Regular practicing of wellness nutrient wonts.Perceived Control of Health:Childs can understand about the in effects of taking debris nutrients.Perceived Health Status:The research worker perceived that there is little betterment in the nutrient wonts of kids of conveying wellness bites.Perceived Benefits of Action:Belief about the positive or reenforcing effects of a wellness advancing behavior. Here it includes kids will comprehend benefits of good balanced diet, sample develops the wellness nutrient wonts and betterment in cognition sing wellness nutrient wonts, stay wellness and energetic. Sensed Barriers of Health Promoting Behavior:Belief about kids reduced attending span, more attracted to advertizements, working female parents.Interpersonal Influences:Belief about learning programme on wellness nutrient wonts and advancing pattern of conveying wellness nutrients on 3, 6, 10th twenty-four hours of pattern appraisal by this research worker.Situational Influences:Peer group.Immediate Competing Preferences:Distracting thought about other attractive activities to make instantly before prosecuting in a wellness promotes behaviour. In this survey, it includes kid ‘s wellness, taking healthy nutrients.Committedness to a Plan of Action:Committedness to transport out a wellness promotes bahaviour. The program should be specific to clip and topographic point, and stipulate whether it will be with identified individual or entirely. Practice healthy nutrient wonts at school scene after learning, this survey describe about the preparation of a realistic program to pattern healthy nutrient wonts by conveying healthy nutrient wonts by conveying healthy bites, and healthy tiffin daily ( forenoon and afternoon ) to the school with the supervising of research worker in alternate yearss.

Management Problem in Health Care Essay

Management Problem in Health Care Worldwide health care organizations are faced with problems everyday. Motivation is one of the many management problems in health care organizations today. Health care organizations are always working together to come up with ideas and strategies to make their organizations more successful and better for everyone to work in as well. Problem solving is an on going process in health care organizations, which have been bringing positive results for everyone working in the health care organizations. Motivation is a state of feeling or thinking in which one is energized or aroused to perform a task or engage in a particular behavior. This definition focuses on motivation as an emotional or cognitive state that is independent of action. This focus clearly distinguishes motivation from the performance of a task and its consequences. Notice, too, that motivation can be a state of either feeling or thinking, or a combination of the two. For some individuals, motivation is more a matter of feeling than thinking, while, for others, the reverse is true† (Shortell & Kaluzny, 2006). Motivating the people who are working under management can be a difficult task at times. Everyone is unique, none of us are the exact same and each person needs something different to become motivated and that is where the challenge comes in for the managers, finding the right motivator for the right employee. Knowing and caring about the employees needs, will help managers know what type of rewards to offer as a way to motivate their employees. Management Problem 3 The success of any organization, especially health care organizations solely depends on the skills of managers and how they present the work environment for their employees. When employees are motivated they tend to be more satisfied with their jobs and will stay with the organization much longer as a result of their satisfaction. According to a recent survey from the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society offers some ideas on how to keep them happy. â€Å"First, pay a decent salary, â€Å"that came through loud and clear in the survey†, says Linda Hodges, executive vice president of search firm Hersher Associates, which conducted the survey with HIMSS. Salary was identified by the survey’s 361 respondents as one of the main factors they use to evaluate job satisfaction or a job offer. Forty percent of those surveyed said they don’t believe they are paid market value† (Greene, 2002). According to Lynn, â€Å"if your program examination indicates that you have done everything right but the results were not there, it is time to talk with people one-on-one. Ask each employee why the program did not have the impact you were looking for. They may have been trying as hard as they could, but only delivering a marginal performance. It is possible they are battling obstacles you cannot see. To find out what is getting in their way, ask them how you can help them improve† (Lynn, 2001). Asking these questions are important when it comes to keeping your employees involved in everything, always getting their opinions on how they think it should be done and work together as a team to come up with the best solutions. This is what a good manager is made of, including his employees in everything that has to do with the job. Management Problem 4 Maslow’s theory was unique because he believed that each person had five needs and each need had to be met before they could go on to the next need. As the process went on, each old need lost motivational value as the new need was met. According to Shortell and Kaluzny, â€Å"Maslow’s hierarchy of needs assumes there are five need levels that must be satisfied sequentially. 1. The physiological needs, these needs include things like air, water, food, warmth, shelter, and sex, the basic survival needs. 2. The security needs include a secure physical and emotional environment, examples include the need to be free from worry about money and job security. 3. Belongingness needs involve social processes, they include the need for love and affection and the need to be accepted by one’s peers. 4. Esteem needs are actually composed of two different set of needs: the need for a positive self-image or self-respect and the need for recognition and respect from others. 5. Self-actualization needs, at the top of the hierarchy, involve realizing one’s potential for continued growth and individual development† (Shortell ; Kaluzny, 2006). Although, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory seems too simple for the human body, which is very complex, this is the perfect theory of motivation for us. This theory touches every aspect of our lives and how one feels about themselves and their surroundings. People who are in management positions will be wise to use this theory when it comes to motivating their employees, in any industry health care or otherwise. It does not matter which theory you think may be best to follow, interesting work and employee pay are the two biggest motivators. Management Problem 5 After identifying the motivation problems with the employees, managers need to start right away working on a plan to overcome these problems. They can start with talking with each individual employee and ask them questions. Making the employees feel like they have a part in finding the solution is a big part in motivation too. Everyone needs to feel like they are helping in some way or another. In conclusion, even though motivating your employees is a difficult task, it must be done in order to keep them happy and to keep things running smoothly. Keeping your employees happy can only bring success to their organization. The employees will love doing their jobs and they will do them well, they will come to work everyday and this will result in a cost effective organization, because the turnover rates will be less in each organization and the organizations will not have to worry about training new employees.

The Radio Pakistan Essays

The Radio Pakistan Essays The Radio Pakistan Essay The Radio Pakistan Essay The Radio Pakistan Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) As observed in the case of television, the state maintained a position of monopoly in the radio sector until the2002 liberalisation of the media and PEMRA’s emergence as a broadcasting licences-awarding authority. Sincethen, there has been a steady growth in FM radio stations across the country. According to figures from 2009, there are presently 40 FM radio stations operating in Pakistan. After an initial surge in new radio stations, however, PEMRA’s increasing tariffs for new licences has significantly reduced the pace of applications being submitted. Another visible consequence of this surge in prices has been a gradual control of the radio market bythose actors with sufficient financial and political power, that is, ‘industrialists, large media groups, feudal lords or politicians’. 57 In spite of the above liberalisation in the sector, the state-owned PBC still maintains a dominant position, especially with regard to its reach in rural areas. According to the PBC’s own figures, its 69 medium (33), short wave (7) and FM (29) stations cover approximately 80 percent of Pakistan’s territory, or 96. 5 percent of the population, and it has a regular audience of 95. 5 million listeners. 58 Its dominant presence in rural areas is obviously linked to the low technological threshold represented by radio in general, when compared to more expensive, sophisticated and electricity-dependent communication systems such as internet or television. In addition, the PBC has successfully attempted to establish a foothold in those areas by localising its broadcasting activities. It suffices to say that, in addition to the Urdu language, the PBC also broadcasts in 20 regional languages from 33 different cities. Beside its traditional and exclusive field of operations, namely medium and short wave transmissions, Radio Pakistan has become increasingly active in expanding its broadcasting to FM radio waves as well. Is first FM transmission dates back to 1998, but since 2002 it has been adding many more FM channels to its services, keenly aware of the fact that FM listenership comprises about 40 percent of the total radio listenership in the country, and also increasingly conscious of the need to reach those listeners at the periphery of the country – such as in the FATA – who could easily fall under the spell of local militants using FM stations for propaganda purposes. 59 â€Å"External† Competitors The medium and short wave realm, however, has not always been the PBC’s undisputed and undisturbed broadcasting domain. The largest media organisation in the world, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), can rightly claim a presence in what used to be British India, which predates the establishment of the PBC. BBC operations started in the colonial territory in the 1940s, mainly as a counter-propaganda media outlet to the German Nazis. The programmes at that time were broadcast in the Hindustani language for the local population. It was only with the 1947 partition that the PBC came into being. Two years later, the BBC followed the political developments by establishing an Urdu-language broadcast for Pakistan, and in 1966 it formalised this new service by creating the BBC Urdu Service. By the late 1990s the BBC Urdu Service had become the dominant radio news service in Pakistan. In 1998 it was said to reach 20 million daily listeners across both Pakistan and India. In 2009 that number had dwindled to 13 million. This decline has been largely attributed to the media liberalisation process that was launched in both countries and to the subsequent emergence of strongly competitive new mass communication media. In addition, the BBC started to encounter increasing problems with short wave frequencies in Pakistan, due to competing transmissions from Radio China. In an attempt to counter the growing competition, in 2001 the BBC Urdu Service launched its own website, where it also put its radio transmissions. Further, it also decided to step into FM radio broadcasting in order to gain better control of the reach of the local transmissions. The FM radio experience worked well until 2007, when a new Pakistani law prohibited foreign broadcasts from within the country. At that point the BBC created BBC Pakistan and it also started to rebroadcast its programmes through local FM stations. The BBC is currently considering the launching of a BBC Urdu TV channel that would nitially broadcast programmes for two to six hours a day. 60 Despite the complex and challenging legal and political environment in which the BBC has had to operate from the very beginning, its fame as an independent broadcaster has earned it a great deal of respect and a significant listenership among the Pakistani population. Interestingly, this appears to be particularly true in the politically unstable tribal areas. According to a Waziri researcher, ‘60 to 70 percent of the people living in FATA listen to and rely on BBC news broadcasts’. 61 The recent launching of programmes in Pashto has further strengthened the BBC’s position in these areas. Before the start of the latest military operations, the BBC was believed to have an almost complete coverage of FATA. The channel can count on three local correspondents based in Peshawar and on coverage originating from the NWFP’s districts of Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan. The geographical embeddedness of BBC correspondents has earned them widespread credibility among the local population and often, in addition, special access to militants operating in those areas. The remainder of the local population is believed to listen to a series of new radio channels that have been set up with the support of the international community, and above all of the US (via USAID). These FM radios include: Radio Deewa – affiliated to the Voice of America (VOA); Radio Mashaal (â€Å"Torch† in Pashto) – launched in January 2010 by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/ RL), it broadcasts in local Pashto dialects with the objective of offering ‘an alternative to the growing number of Islamic extremist radio stations in the region’;62 Radio Azadi – established in 1985 by RFE/RL, it is presently ‘the leading media outlet in Afghanistan, reaching 50% of the Afghan population across the country’,63 and also some of the border areas in Pakistan. For the 2010 fiscal year, there has been a request to the US Congress to provide additional funding to this station in order to expand broadcasts to Pashto speakers in northwest Pakistan; and Radio Dilbar – part of a project supported by the British government, it aims to increase the capacity of FM radio stations in NWFP by training their staff in developing citizen-based programming. The purpose of the international community in these areas is clear: to use these radios to reach out to the local communities with a mixture of entertainment, current affairs and religious programmes, in order to pursue a peacebuilding agenda and eventually to fill the gap left by the so-called Taliban radios that were operating in some of the FATA agencies and other settled areas64 (mainly in the Khyber agency and in the Swat Valley, with the already mentioned Radio Mullah) prior to the April 2009 military offensive. These ew local radios have characterised themselves by the careful use of terminology referring to the militants,65 and by their educational efforts towards a â€Å"true† understanding of Islam. 57 IMS (2009). Op. cit. p. 22. 58 For more information, see radio. gov. pk/aboutus. htm and radio. gov. pk/new/site/images/pbc_st. jpg. 59 As it has been indeed the case with the Taliban leader in the Swat Valley, Maulana Fazlullah, also known as Radio Mullah. 24 Initi ative for peacebuilding www. initiativeforpeacebuilding. u 60 Most of the information provided in this section has been collected during an interview with Wussatullah Khan, BBC Urdu Service representative, Islamabad, 20th January 2010. 61 Interview, Mansur Khan Mahsud, FATA Research Center, Islamabad, 21st January 2010. 62 ‘RFE/RL launches radio station in Pakistan’s Pashtun Heartland’, RFE/RL, 14th January 2010. Available at reliefweb. int/rw/rwb. nsf/db900SID/SNAA-7ZS2S7? OpenDocument. 63 For more information, see rferl. org/info/Afghanistan/181. html. 4 According to Mansur Khan Mahsud, the Taliban did not need radio channels in other FATA agencies because these were de facto already under their control. These radios broadcast by using simple technology, whose outreach was necessarily limited. The average range was estimated to be no more than 50 to 60km. When the military offensive got off the ground in the Swat Valley, the transmission capabilities were imm ediately neutralised and at the beginning of 2010 no Taliban radios were signalled by Mansur Khan Mahsud either in that valley or in the FATA. 65 Terms such as â€Å"terrorists† or â€Å"fundamentalists† are carefully avoided.

Atmospheric Stability and Instability

Atmospheric Stability and Instability Stability (or atmospheric stability) refers to airs tendency to either rise and create storms (instability), or to resist vertical movement (stability). The simplest way to understand how stability works is to imagine a parcel of air having a thin, flexible cover that allows it to expand but prevents the air inside from mixing with the surrounding air- as is true of a party balloon. Next, imagine that we take the balloon and force it up into the atmosphere. Since air pressure decreases with altitude, the balloon will relax and expand, and its temperature will therefore decrease. If the parcel were cooler than the surrounding air, it would be heavier (since cool air is denser than warm air); and if allowed to do so, it would sink back down to the ground. Air of this type is said to be stable. On the other hand, if we lifted our imaginary balloon and the air within it was warmer, and hence, less dense than its surrounding air, it would continue to rise until it reached a point where its temperature and that of its surroundings were equal. This type of air is classified as unstable. Lapse Rates: A Measure of Stability But meteorologists dont have to watch a balloons behavior every time they want to know atmospheric stability. They can arrive at the same answer simply by measuring the actual air temperature at various heights; this measure is called the environmental lapse rate (the term lapse having to do with temperatures decline). If the environmental lapse rate is steep- as is true when the air near the ground is significantly warmer than the air aloft- then one knows the atmosphere is unstable. But if the lapse rate is small, meaning theres relatively little change in temperature, its a good indication of a stable atmosphere. The most stable conditions occur during a temperature inversion when temperature increases (rather than decreases) with height. The easiest way to determine atmospheric stability at a glance is by using an atmospheric sounding. Edited by Tiffany Means.

Unit 7 discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 7 discussion - Coursework Example In this epistemological search for knowledge, Descarte starts with doubt, saying that he wants to discover if there is anything that is beyond doubt or indubitable. Using the subtle reasoning of metaphysics while investigating the nature of reality he doubts all things related to the senses and even mathematical facts. This leads to his derivation that if he doubts, that means that he is thinking, and if he is thinking, it follows logically that he must be or â€Å"must exist†, that is cogito ergo sum in Latin. According to Gillespie (2006) the sequence of thoughts from which Descartes derives his first principle is in the form of a dialogue Descartes analyses that since thinking or cogito is clear and distinct, it follows that the concept has to be true. Hence, he states that his conceptualization of God as a perfect being can only arise from the fact that God is a perfect being, which in turn proves that God exists. This consequently leads to the conclusion that the world must exist, since God is not a deceiver, thus coming full circle from the philosopher’s initial doubt regarding the existence of the world and all things in it (Kenny 1968). The conclusion drawn by Descartes that the world must exist as a fact, a reality, is based on the establishing the existence of God. However, this is seen by SEP (2006) as a medieval reliance on a traditional distinction between the essence and existence of a thing. It is argued that the conceptualisation of God as a perfect being only proves the essence of God, and not His existence. Thus, the essence of something can be determined separately from knowledge of its existence. On the same lines, this does not lead to proving the existence of the world. The first meditation stating doubt regarding the existence of everything is beneficial in that it helps the reader to get rid of

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World Trade Organization (CHINA MEASURES RELATED TO THE EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS RAW MATERIALS) - Essay Example This paper provides an in-depth discussion on the compatibility of China’s export strategy at hand, with articles of GATT 1994, examining the exceptions set out in Article XX of GATT 1994 and WTO jurisprudence with regard to Article XX of GATT 1994 (WTO 9). Increased transparency and uniformity with regard to the administration of trade regulations, particularly in terms of export restrictions will effectively counter such disputes in the future. The WTO appellate panel issued its report after examining complaints by the European Union, US and Mexico with regard to China’s exportation of certain raw materials. In essence, the panel’s verdict found China’s export restriction regarding its rare earth metals to be in complete violation of China’s WTO commitments. The WTO dispute centered on four forms of export restrictions that China imposed on the exportation of certain raw materials. The raw materials in question encompassed certain forms of bauxite, magnesium, silicon carbide, yellow phosphorus, zinc, manganese, coke and fluorspar. China is notably the chief producer of all the aforementioned raw materials used in the production of common items, as well as products used in the manufacture of technological appliances. The complaints contended that the imposition of export restrictions create scarcity and cause the prices of raw materials to increase within global markets. This means that Chinaâ₠¬â„¢s export restriction of raw materials primarily produced in the country gave the nation’s domestic industry substantial advantage by means of a sufficient supply, as well as low and highly stable prices for the raw materials in question. This form of restriction is, as a matter of fact, in utter contravention of WTO provisions. After China’s concurrence to the WTO, the country agreed to do away with all export taxes or duties with the exception of several products

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See Attachment - Essay Example The author has derived solutions from various students in different media such as Facebook and emails. The students talk about their experiences and therefore they can give definite answers about the topic. The most significant convection in the particular text is the mechanic, usage, and the sentence formation. First the author uses quotation marks to highlight the responses are given concerning a particular topic. The author does this to show that the ideas are not his. This helps the reader to understand the topic from first person’s point of view (Mohan 2015). The use of the quotation marks also shows that the writer has followed the formal way of writing whereby it requires one to quote other people’s ideas. The writer could also have used commas to ensure that the reader does not strain while reading. The author has also used commas in complex sentences. The author has also used the first person tone in some of the answers. For instance, in the case whereby in one of the responses the student talks about how he/she used all their savings during the first weeks in school. To establish her credibility, the author uses other people’s arguments. In this case, the writer ensures that the readers get the facts from first person’s experiences. To achieve this, the author derives the answers from various social media such as Facebook and emails. While reading the text one also realizes that the answers are based on first person’s experiences thus giving the text the credibility it deserves. To emphasize on the reliability of the text the author has also ensured that she includes where the fact is from. The author does this by acknowledging the contributor and the place where the answer was posted. In formal writing, it is advisable to ensure that one cites any idea that it is not there’s. The author also uses logos appeal whereby she uses one person’s experience and then generalize it. In

Lukes Three Dimensions of Power

Lukes Three Dimensions of Power Lukes: On Power Power is a term that has seen much discourse and debate. The meaning of the word has been discussed and developed by many people from varying walks of life; academics, philosophers, politicians, and many others. It is a term whose understanding is crucial to how we, as humans, view and live in our social world, as it is a concept that governs our everyday living in several ways; some of which we are not even aware of. Political and social theorist, Steven Lukes, defines power in terms of, what he calls ‘dimensions. These dimensions or faces of power are approaches that can be used to study power relations. Lukes looks at the theory of power in three dimensions of what he calls a â€Å"conceptual analysis† (Lukes, 1974: 9). Lukes puts across an implicit proposition that the level and effectiveness of power in a given institution, can be analysed using these criteria (Lukes, 1974: 10). Lukes three dimensions of power can thus be used to study corporate power; an issue of g rowing concern and discourse space in the contemporary world. The one dimensional view of power proposed by Lukes is commonly known as the ‘pluralist view of power (Lukes, 1974: 11). Dahl, Polsby and Wolfinger are some of the more prominent writers on this approach of looking at power (Lukes, 1974: 11). It is known as the ‘pluralist approach to power because, through it, its proponents sought to show interest groups, in any democratic power structure, compete for power (Lukes, 1974: 11). Dahl differentiates the pluralist view from the elitist by asserting that his ‘intuitive view of power involves not only the possession of, but the exercise of power; comes not only by reputation but also by execution (Lukes, 1974: 12). The argument of the one dimensional view of power asserts that the group/s wielding power can be determined by simply looking at who prevails when there are decisions to be made and there is â€Å"observable direct conflict† (Lukes, 1974: 12). The pluralist approach emphasises the importance of actual ob servable behaviour and hence studies the outcomes of decision making (Lukes, 1974: 25). Such empirical study can be done through first-hand observation by analysis of official second-hand records (Lukes, 1974: 13). Dahl acknowledges that the power wielded by a group may be overt or covert, but the actual culmination of power is seen at the point when decisions are made, especially the decisions on controversial issues that are surrounded by the most conflict (Lukes, 1974: 13). Robert Dahl exemplifies the pluralistic view of power with his analysis of the power structure in New Haven, Connecticut; in the 1950s (Domhoff, 2005). In Dahls view, there were a number of influential groups whose opinions held weight when it came to making and influencing decisions about the city (Domhoff, 2005). His conclusion about the power structure in, New Haven was that no single group held the monopoly on power (Domhoff, 2005). Although there were inequalities within the society, the fact that power was dispersed among different elites with different interests at heart meant that the situation was one of ‘dispersed inequalities; where no one group controlled all of the important resources (Domhoff, 2005). The one dimensional view of power is very simple to grasp and can be observed with relative ease. The theory gives a straightforward way of thinking about â€Å"the behavioural study of decision-making power by political actors† (Lukes, 1974: 57). It would be useful in many cases, especially where pluralist power structures have been established. However, the view fails to observe, in any system, the means by which the political agenda is controlled (Lukes, 1974: 57). In many cases, the exercise of power is more subtle and results from the use of mechanics beyond the scope of the one dimensional view. Lukes two dimensional theory of power is an elitist view theorized by Bachrach and Baratz, as a critique to the one dimensional pluralist view (Lukes, 1974: 16). This two dimensional view acknowledges the observable power of Dahls theory but asserts that power is exercised when issues are arranged specifically so that some are not discussed (Lukes, 1974: 16). By keeping issues of potential conflict off the agenda, observable conflict is completely avoided, but clearly ‘power over is still exercised (Lukes, 1974: 17). The first dimension would only look at the apparently open discussion and the results of conflict over matters actually allowed onto the agenda, but miss the more subtle exercise of power (Lukes, 1974: 19). Bachrach and Baratz also mention the latent power relations that occur in the event of â€Å"non-decisions† (Lukes, 1974: 18). This is when actor ‘B refrains from voicing and issue of interest to him/her, anticipating an unpleasant reaction from act or ‘A (Lukes, 1974: 18). ‘Non-decisions such as this consolidate the dominance of a particular group and help in maintaining the status quo of power relations (Lukes, 1974: 19). The two dimensional view of power thus consists of observable decision making and more subtle non-decision making. Decision making is the selection of one option from a set of alternatives, whereas non-decision making entails suppressing an interest that conflicts with those of decision-maker (Lukes, 1974: 19). In effect Bachrach and Baratz distinguish between potential and actual political issues, thereby drawing a distinct difference from the pluralist view that only looks at the ‘key issues that are actually in the discourse (Lukes, 1974: 20). From this distinction the authors draw the conclusion that behaviourism is false (Lukes, 1974: 20). In other words conclusions about power cannot always be drawn from observable behaviour. The two dimensional view of power recognises this; that the mechanisms of power and the way it operates can go beyond what meets the eye. Power is not only reflected in struggles within a system, but is also present in deciding what can get into the system and what cannot; defining the boundaries of the system (Lukes, 1974: 20). Crensons book The Un-Politics of Air Pollution: A Study of Non-Decision making in the Cities, a good example, of the two dimensional theory, is provided. Lukes asserts that the example also borders on the third dimension of power (Lukes, 1974: 42). The example focuses on two cities in Indiana; Gary and East Chicago. Both cities had similar populations and were facing a similar level and problem of pollution (Lukes, 1974: 42). East Chicago took measures to clean its air in 1949, while Gary only took action in 1962 (Lukes, 1974: 42). Crenson explains that the reason behind Garys inaction was that the citys prosperity was based on the only major industrial company in it; U.S. Steel (Lukes, 1974: 42). The issue was kept out of discourse for so long because of the reputation of U.S. Steel (Lukes, 1974: 43). The company exercised ‘silent power and did not need to act, but it was simply its potential to act that kept policy-makers silent on the issue (Lukes, 1974: 43). The two dimensional view of power is a good critique on the one dimensional view as it aptly points out the flaws of the one dimensional view as it aptly points out the flaws of the one dimensional view, then goes on to set out a theory that holds water better than the first one. It fails, however, to satisfactorily examine the bias and control of power; â€Å"it lacks sociological perspective† that is used to observe the methods by which â€Å"latent conflicts within society† are suppressed (Lukes, 1974: 57). Lukes is not satisfied with the two dimensional view of power as set out by Bachrach and Baratz (Lukes, 1974: 21). He offers three criticisms, which in his opinion, are the shortcomings of this view (Lukes, 1974: 21). From these, Lukes suggests that power can go deeper, into a ‘third dimension. The first criticism, of the two dimensional view, put forward by Lukes is that it, like the one dimensional view, is still too behaviourist (Lukes, 1974: 21). The argument of Bachrach and Baratz implies that the power exercised in the exclusion of information is deliberate; a conscious decision made by the decision-maker (Lukes, 1974: 21). This, however, is not the case. Such selection of issues may merely be the unconscious following of bias within a system and not an intentional attempt at exercising power by any particular group (Lukes, 1974: 22). The exclusion of certain issues from an agenda may also result from the norms of a particular society due to the prevailing modes of thought in the time and place in question (Lukes, 1974: 22). For example, before the twentieth century, women were generally viewed as naturally subordinate to men, thus issues of empowering women would not be seen as issues meriting consideration or attention. Lukes second criticism of the two dimensional of power argues that the theory still refers to the potential of conflict (Lukes, 1974: 23). The theory asserts that if people were made aware of the exclusion of certain matters, of interest to them, and the agenda they would react in order to protect their rights (Lukes, 1974: 23). Contrary to Bachrach and Baratzs theory, the ‘air-pollution example showed that the decision makers, who had the interests of the people in mind, knew all of the relevant facts pertaining to the situation; however, they still took no action against U.S. Steel (Lukes, 1974: 43). This shows that power can act in a further ‘dimension and take an even more insidious form. The third criticism Lukes has, of the two dimensional view of power, is that when it analyses if power has been exercised or not, it looks only at the subjective interests, policy preferences and grievances that are overridden (Lukes, 1974: 24). The view holds that if the observer can find no grievances there is the assumption that there is ‘genuine consensus on the issue at hand (Lukes, 1974: 24). The view, however, does not consider the possibility of a group having preferences that do not necessarily include all of its real interest (Lukes, 1974: 24). For example, in 2009 the number of American workers in trade unions was 12.3% and only 7.2% in the private sector (White, 2010). The ‘peak in the private sector was 30% in 1958 (White, 2010). Trade unions can organise and empower workers if they have significant membership and worker support. It is a real interest for workers to be involved in them, but partly due to the historical linking of trade unions with communism a nd partly due to other factors, few American workers choose to exercise their rights to join trade unions (White, 2010). Lukes sets out his own idea of how the most effective forms of power operate. He calls it three dimensional power (Lukes, 1974: 23). Lukes asserts that this form of power, to operate effectively, requires an acceptance of the status quo because of an accepted underlying ideology (Lukes, 1974: 23). Those who hold power within the system will be accepted by the people, due to the peoples belief in the system (Lukes, 1974: 23). In such a situation the preferences of the people can be manipulated to fall into line with the agenda of the rulers (Lukes, 1974: 23). Lukes calls his three dimensional view the â€Å"supreme and most insidious exercise of power† as it allows rulers to shape the preferences and perception of the masses as well as prevent them from having grievances (Lukes, 1974: 23). This is because, as Lukes argues, the people will â€Å"see or imagine no alternative† to the existing order â€Å"or because they see it as natural and unchangeable, or because they value it as divinely ordained and beneficial† (Lukes, 1974: 23). Three dimensional power works by means of a mechanism called adaptive policy formation (Barber, 2007). This refers to a human reaction of reconciling oneself to ones misery, or altering ones attitude to console oneself in difficult circumstances (Barber, 2007). In embracing a particular system, people accept its consequences and thus resort to cognitive dissonance reduction as a functional means of dealing with oppression (Barber, 2007). It is, however, ironic to note that the worse off a people are, the less they demand (Barber, 2007). Rather than acting in favour of their interests, they accept repression and adapt to oppressive conditions. An example of three dimensional power at play is Sen and Nussbaums analysis of Bengal, where of the millions affected by the post 1944 famine, it was primarily men who reported to relief centres for aid, despite both sexes being similarly affected (Sen, 2008). In accepting their ‘place, of having limited rights in society, the women were n ot prepared to step forward and claim their rights to healthcare (Sen, 2008). Three dimensional power is the most supreme form of power as it gives rulers almost totalitarian power over the masses (Lukes, 1974: 23). Steven Lukes provides three theories of power and evaluates them, and at the same time building on their scope and complexity. His third dimension of power does a good job of exploring and explaining the mechanisms behind complex and entrenched power. The other two dimensions account for weaker forms of power that can be exercised. Lukes third dimension of power can be applied in explaining corporate power in the modern world. Corporate power is built on an unquestioned and accepted ideology, founded on the premise that it is the natural way of being of as Margaret Thatcher voiced out, â€Å"There is no alternative†. Acceptance of the free market ideology inevitably means acceptance of its consequences; the status quo of our world today. Lukes theory also helps us to explain why despite the destruction that is done to the planet, and the disregard for humanity, that characterises the system, it has survived and still thrives. Lukes, then, very aptly describes this form of powe r as both â€Å"insidious† and â€Å"supreme† (Lukes, 1974: 23). Bibliography S. Lukes, 1974, Power: A Radical View ed.1, Macmillan: London. H. E. Barber, â€Å"Social Theory and Practice†, 2007, at http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-160421643.html. G. W. Domhoff, â€Å"Who Really Ruled in Dahls New Haven?† 2005, at http://sociology.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/local/new_haven.html. A. Sen, â€Å"Gender and Hunger Issues and Misconceptions†, 2010, at http://athome.harvard.edu/food/4.html. J. White, â€Å"US trade union membership at lowest level in more than a century†, 2010, at http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/feb2010/unio-f03.shtml.